![]() In addition to anatomy, evidence from clinical, behavioral and neuroimaging studies indicates that the human cerebellum is engaged not only in motor control but also in cognitive and affective processing ( Schmahmann and Pandya, 1991 Schmahmann, 1996 Baillieux et al., 2008 Stoodley and Schmahmann, 2009 Thompson and Steinmetz, 2009 Tedesco et al., 2011 Stoodley et al., 2012 E et al., 2014 Koziol et al., 2014 Guell et al., 2015 Hoche et al., 2016, 2018 Schmahmann and Pandya, 1997a, Schmahmann and Pandya, 1997b1997b Middleton and Strick, 1994 Schmahmann and Sherman, 1998 Levisohn et al., 2000 Riva and Giorgi, 2000 Ravizza et al., 2006 Schmahmann et al., 2007). The cerebellum has extensive connectivity with motor and nonmotor aspects of the extracerebellar structures. In contrast, and despite its growing importance in basic and clinical neuroscience, the central axis of motor and nonmotor macroscale organization in the cerebellum remains unknown. Broca’s area) are situated closer to the primary motor cortex. Wernicke’s area) are situated closer to the primary auditory cortex, while higher-level aspects of motor processing such as language production (e.g. Similarly, higher-level aspects of auditory processing such as language comprehension (e.g. ![]() For example, higher-level aspects of movement planning and decision making are situated predominantly in the anterior aspects of the frontal lobe close to the primary motor cortex, while spatial attention and spatial awareness processes predominantly engage regions of the posterior parietal lobe that are closer to the primary somatosensory cortex ( Andersen and Cui, 2009). One central principle in the study of the cerebral cortex is that macroscale anatomy reflects a functional hierarchy from primary to transmodal processing ( Mesulam, 1998, 2008). ![]() Functional differences exist not only between the two motor but also between the three nonmotor representations, and second motor representation might share functional similarities with third nonmotor representation.Ĭomprehending the relationship between macroscale structure and function is fundamental to understanding the nervous system. Further, these two principal gradients revealed novel functional properties of the well-established cerebellar double motor representation (lobules I-VI and VIII), and its relationship with the recently described triple nonmotor representation (lobules VI/Crus I, Crus II/VIIB, IX/X). A secondary axis extends from task-unfocused to task-focused processing. ![]() Here we applied diffusion map embedding to resting-state data from the Human Connectome Project dataset (n = 1003), and show for the first time that cerebellar functional regions follow a gradual organization which progresses from primary (motor) to transmodal (DMN, task-unfocused) regions. In contrast, the central axis of motor and nonmotor macroscale organization in the cerebellum remains unknown. A central principle for understanding the cerebral cortex is that macroscale anatomy reflects a functional hierarchy from primary to transmodal processing. ![]()
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